Prevalence and trends of anemia among pregnant women in eight provinces of China from 2016 to 2020 / 中华预防医学杂志

This study analyzed the anemia status and change trend of 219 835 pregnant women in eight provinces from 2016 to 2020 in the Maternal and Newborn Health Monitoring Program(MNHMP). The results showed that from 2016 to 2020, the anemia rate of pregnant women in eight provinces was 41.27%, and the rates of mild, moderate and severe anemia were 28.56%, 12.59% and 0.12% respectively; the anemia rates in eastern, central and western regions were 41.87%, 36.09% and 44.63% respectively, and the anemia rates in urban and rural areas were 39.87% and 42.23%. From 2016 to 2020, the anemia rate of pregnant women decreased from 44.93% to 38.22%, with an average annual decline of 3.86% (95%CI:-5.84%, -1.85%). The anemia rate among pregnant women of the eastern region (AAPC=-6.16%, 95%CI:-9.79%, -2.38%) fell faster than that among pregnant women of the central region (AAPC=0.71%, 95%CI:-6.59%, 8.57%) and western region (AAPC=-1.53%, 95%CI:-5.19%, 2.28%). From 2016 to 2020, the moderate anemia rate in pregnant women decreased from 14.98% to 10.74%, with an average annual decline of 8.72% (95%CI:-12.90%, -4.34%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05); AAPC for mild and severe anemia in pregnant women was 1.56% (95%CI: 3.44%, 0.36%) and 18.86% (95%CI: 39.88%, 9.52%), respectively, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05).

Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy and its association with birth weight / Prevalencia de anemia en la gestación y su relación con el peso al nacer

Abstract Objectives: to assess the prevalence of maternal gestational anemia and its association with the birth weight. Methods: retrospective longitudinal observational study in a cohort of 370 pregnant women. Anthropometric, biochemical, ginecobstetric and sociodemographic data of both mothers and newborns were evaluated. The results of maternal erythrocyte indices were analyzed and contrasted with newborns anthropometrical data. Results: the mean age of the pregnant women was 27±6 years, with a mean gestational age of 32±6 weeks at the assessment moment, 56.2% were overweight. The prevalence of anemia was 28.6%. 47.2% women with anemia and 36% women without anemia had low birth weight/very low birth weight newborns (p=0.009). Of the children born to mothers with iron deficiency anemia, 20% had low birth weight and 15% very low birth weight. 54.3% newborns with global undernutrition or at risk of developing it were born to women with underweight(p=0.046), in addition, the higher the maternal weight, the lower the number of term newborns with risk of short height (p<0.001). Conclusions: there is relationship between the anemia, the maternal nutritional status and the birth weight.

Resumen Objetivos: evaluar la prevalencia de anemia gestacional materna y su relación con el peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo en una cohorte 370 mujeres gestantes. Se evaluaron variables demográficas clínicas y antropométricas tanto de las madres como de los recién nacidos. Se analizaron los resultados de los índices eritrocitarios maternos y se contrastaron con los datos antropométricos de los neonatos. Resultados: la edad promedio de las gestantes fue de 27±6 años con edad gestacional promedio al momento de la evaluación nutricional de 32±6 semanas, el 56,2% presentaron exceso de peso. La prevalencia de anemia fue de 28,6%. El 47,2% de gestantes con anemia y el 36% de gestantes sin anemia tuvieron neonatos con bajo peso/muy bajo al nacer (p=0,009). De los niños nacidos de madres con anemia ferropénica 20% tuvo bajo peso y 15% muy bajo peso al nacer. El 54,3% de neonatos con desnutrición global o en riesgo de desarrollarla fueron hijos de madres con bajo peso (p=0,046), además a mayor peso materno, menor cantidad de neonatos a término con riesgo de baja talla (p<0,001). Conclusiones: existe relación entre la anemia, el estado nutricional materno y el peso al nacer.

SIPEA: Aplicación web para el Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley en Manzanillo / SIPEA: Web Application for Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in Manzanillo

Anemia is the most common blood disorder in the world, affecting millions of people yearly. It has multiple causes and jeopardizes development, growth and learning. Current tools provide non-hematologist doctors with just numbers. The present paper proposes a web application intended to provide doctors at Celia Sánchez Manduley Hospital in Manzanillo with a tool for determining the morphologic type of anemia, creating a list of possible causes, and also storing patient data in a database for future researches. As an information system, the website constitutes a powerful tool for the decision-making process, in particular, the diagnostic process, intended to provide more detailed information on anemia as well as to foster the information management at the hospital. For the application, HTML, CSS, JavaScript and PHP were used as languages; Apache as a web server; CodeIgniter as a PHP framework; MariaDB as a database management system; and Visual Studio Code as a development environment(AU)

La anemia afecta a millones de personas anualmente, esta obedece a múltiples causas y compromete el crecimiento, desarrollo y aprendizaje. Las herramientas actuales ofrecen al médico no especialista en hematología solo cifras. El presente trabajo propone una aplicación web con la cual se pretende brindar a los médicos del Hospital Celia Sánchez Manduley en Manzanillo una herramienta para la determinación del tipo morfológico de anemia, la elaboración de un listado de las posibles causas que la originan, así como el almacenamiento de datos de los pacientes para futuras investigaciones, y con ello contribuir a la toma de decisiones, en particular, al proceso de diagnóstico, y a una mejor gestión de información en el hospital. Para la aplicación se utilizaron los lenguajes HTML, CSS, JavaScript y PHP, el servidor web Apache, el framework PHP CodeIgniter, el gestor de base de datos MariaDB y el entorno de desarrollo Visual Studio Code(AU)

Morbilidad posoperatoria asociada a ferropenia y anemia no severa preoperatorias en cirugía cardíaca electiva / Postoperative morbidity associated with iron deficiency and preoperative non-severe anemia in elective cardiac surgery / Morbidade pós-operatória associada à deficiência de ferro e anemia pré-operatória não grave em cirurgia cardíaca eletiva

Introducción: la anemia y la ferropenia son frecuentes en candidatos a cirugía cardíaca y se asocian a peores resultados posoperatorios. Su manejo no está estandarizado. No existen datos locales sobre prevalencia y pronóstico. Objetivo: evaluar si la anemia no severa y la ferropenia se asocian en nuestro medio a peores resultados posoperatorios en cirugía cardíaca electiva. Método: estudio de cohorte prospectivo en dos centros. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años sometidos a cirugía cardíaca electiva. Se conformaron tres grupos: 1) control, 2) ferropenia aislada y 3) anemia no severa. Se consignaron variables clínicas y paraclínicas preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias. Se realizaron análisis uni y multivariados para determinar significancia estadística (p < 0,05). Resultados: se incluyeron 167 pacientes, mediana y distancia IQ 68 años [60-74], 61,68% hombres. FEVI media 59% [45-60], EuroSCORE II 0,96 [0,76-1,35]. Se llevaron a cabo 96 revascularizaciones (57,49%), 39 sustituciones valvulares (23,35%) y 30 combinadas (17,96%), una trombectomía y un implante de tubo aórtico. La prevalencia de ferropenia aislada fue 15,57%, de anemia total 40,72% y de anemia y/o ferropenia 56,29%. El grupo control tuvo menos días de internación (p = 0,0018) y el grupo ferropenia necesitó más volúmenes de glóbulos rojos transfundidos (p = 0,045). En el análisis univariado los grupos 2 y 3 se asociaron a mayores eventos posoperatorios compuestos (OR 2,86, p = 0,03, y OR 2,11, p = 0,03, respectivamente). El grupo 3 se asoció a mayor probabilidad de infección posoperatoria (OR 8,63, 1,03-72,12, p = 0,049). En el análisis multivariado el hematocrito se asoció inversamente a insuficiencia renal (OR 0,61; IC 95% 0,38-0,99, p=0,04) y la edad en forma directa (OR 1,14; IC 95% 1,02-1,28, p=0,02). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de anemia no severa y ferropenia fue alta, se asoció a complicaciones en el posoperatorio y mayor estadía hospitalaria. Es necesario protocolizar su manejo.

Introduction: anemia and iron deficiency are frequent in candidates for cardiac surgery and are associated with poorer postoperative results. Its therapeutic approach is not standardized. There are no local data on prevalence and prognosis. Objective: to assess whether non-severe anemia and iron deficiency are associated with poorer postoperative results in elective cardiac surgery in our patients. Method: prospective cohort study in two centers. Patients > 18 years of age who underwent elective cardiac surgery were included. Three groups were formed: 1) control, 2) isolated iron deficiency and 3) non-severe anemia. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative clinical and paraclinical outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to determine statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: 167 patients were included, 68 years [60-74], 61.68% men. Mean LVEF 59% [45-60], EuroSCORE II 0.96 [0.76-1.35]. 96 revascularizations (57.49%), 39 valve replacements (23.35%) and 30 combined (17.96%), one thrombectomy and one aortic tube were carried out. The prevalence of isolated iron deficiency was 15.57%, total anemia 40.72% and anemia and/or iron deficiency 56.29%. The control group had fewer days of hospitalization (p = 0.0018) and the ferropenia group needed more red blood cells transfusions (p = 0.045). In the univariate analysis, groups 2 and 3 were associated with higher compound postoperative events (OR 2.86, p = 0.03, and OR 2.11, p = 0.03, respectively). Group 3 was associated with a higher probability of postoperative infection (OR 8.63, 1.03-72.12, p = 0.049). In the multivariate analysis, the hematocrit values ​​were associated with renal failure (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28, p = 0.02). Conclusions: the prevalence of non-severe anemia and iron deficiency was high, it was associated with greater complications in the postoperative period and a longer hospital stay. It is necessary to protocolize its therapeutic approach.

Introdução: a anemia e a deficiência de ferro são frequentes em candidatos à cirurgia cardíaca e estão associadas a maus resultados pós-operatórios. Sua abordagem terapêutica não é padronizada. Não existem dados locais sobre prevalência e prognóstico. Objetivo: avaliar se a anemia não grave e a deficiência de ferro estão associadas a maus resultados pós-operatórios em cirurgia cardíaca eletiva em nossos pacientes. Método: estudo de coorte prospectivo em dois centros. Pacientes > 18 anos de idade submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva foram incluídos. Foram formados três grupos: 1) controle, 2) deficiência de ferro isolada e 3) anemia não grave. Variáveis clínicas e paraclínicas pré-operatórias, intraoperatórias e pós-operatórias foram registradas. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas para determinar a significância estatística (p < 0,05). Resultados: 167 pacientes foram incluídos, 68 anos [60-74], 61,68% homens. LVEF média 59% [45-60], EuroSCORE II 0,96 [0,76-1,35]. Foram realizadas 96 revascularizações (57,49%), 39 trocas valvares (23,35%), 30 combinadas (17,96%), uma trombectomia e um tubo aórtico. A prevalência de deficiência de ferro isolada foi de 15,57%, anemia total 40,72% e anemia e/ou deficiência de ferro 56,29%. O grupo controle teve menos dias de internação (p = 0,0018) e o grupo de deficiência de ferro necessitou de mais transfusão de volumes de hemácias (p = 0,045). Na análise univariada, os grupos 2 e 3 foram associados a eventos pós-operatórios compostos mais elevados (OR 2,86, p = 0,03 e OR 2,11, p = 0,03, respectivamente). O grupo 3 foi associado a uma maior probabilidade de infecção pós-operatória (OR 8,63, 1,03-72,12, p = 0,049). Na análise multivariada, o hematócrito foi associado à insuficiência renal (OR 1,14, IC 95% 1,02-1,28, p = 0,02). Conclusões: a prevalência de anemia não grave e deficiência de ferro foi elevada, associada a complicações pós-operatórias e maior tempo de internação. É necessário protocolar sua abordagem terapêutica.

Prevalence of anemia among Indigenous children in Latin America: a systematic review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence pattern of anemia among Indigenous children in Latin America. METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were followed. Records were identified from the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Lilacs by two independent researchers between May and June 2021. Studies were included if the following criteria were met: a) studied Indigenous people b) was about children (from 0 to 12 years old); c) reported a prevalence estimate of anemia; d) had been conducted in any of the countries of Latin America; e) was published either in English, Portuguese, or Spanish; f) is a peer-reviewed article; and g) was published at any date. RESULTS: Out of 2,401 unique records retrieved, 42 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 39 different Indigenous communities were analyzed in the articles, and in 21 of them (54.0%) child anemia was a severe public health problem (prevalence ≥ 40%). Those communities were the Aymara (Bolivia); Aruak, Guaraní, Kamaiurá, Karapotó, Karibe, Kaxinanuá, Ma-cro-Jê, Suruí, Terena, Xavante (Brazil); Cabécar (Costa Rica), Achuar, Aguaruna, Awajún, Urarina, Yomybato (Peru); Piaroa and Yucpa (Venezuela); and Quechua (Peru and Bolivia). Children below two years had the highest prevalence of anemia (between 16.2% and 86.1%). Among Indigenous people, risk factors for anemia include nutrition, poor living conditions, access to health services, racism, and discrimination. Bolivia and Guatemala are scarcely studied, despite having the highest proportion of Indigenous communities in Latin America. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia constitutes a poorly documented public health problem among Indigenous children in 21 Indigenous communities in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru. In all Indigenous communities included in this study child anemia was an issue, especially in younger children.

Diagnosis and treatment status of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms: a multi-center study in Hubei Province / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the incidence and treatment of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in Hubei Province. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 7 474 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms in 62 hospitals in 15 cities (state) of Hubei Province in 2019 were collected in the form of network database. There were 4 749 males and 2 725 females. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range: 17 to 96 years). The hemoglobin value of the first time in hospital and the first day after operation was used as the criterion of preoperative anemia and postoperative anemia. Anemia was defined as male hemoglobin <120 g/L and female hemoglobin <110.0 g/L, mild anemia as 90 to normal, moderate anemia as 60 to <90 g/L, severe anemia as <60 g/L. The t test and χ2 test were used for inter-group comparison. Results: The overall incidence of preoperative anemia was 38.60%(2 885/7 474), and the incidences of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 25.09%(1 875/7 474), 11.37%(850/7 474) and 2.14%(160/7 474), respectively. The overall incidence of postoperative anemia was 61.40%(4 589/7 474). The incidence of mild anemia, moderate anemia and severe anemia were 48.73%(3 642/7 474), 12.20%(912/7 474) and 0.47%(35/7 474), respectively. The proportion of preoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 26.86% (775/2 885), and the proportion of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment was 14.93% (685/4 589). The proportions of preoperative anemia patients in grade ⅢA, grade ⅢB, and grade ⅡA hospitals receiving treatment were 26.12% (649/2 485), 32.32% (85/263), and 29.93% (41/137), and the proportions of postoperative anemia patients receiving treatment were 14.61% (592/4 052), 22.05% (73/331), and 9.71% (20/206). The proportion of intraoperative blood transfusion (16.74% (483/2 885) vs. 3.05% (140/4 589), χ²=434.555, P<0.01) and the incidence of postoperative complications (17.78% (513/2 885) vs. 14.08% (646/4 589), χ²=18.553, P<0.01) in the preoperative anemia group were higher than those in the non-anemia group, and the postoperative hospital stay in the preoperative anemia group was longer than that in the non-anemia group ((14.1±7.3) days vs. (13.3±6.2) days, t=5.202, P<0.01). Conclusions: The incidence of perioperative anemia in patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms is high. Preoperative anemia can increase the demand for intraoperative blood transfusion and affect the short-term prognosis of patients. At present, the concept of standardized treatment of perioperative anemia among gastrointestinal surgeons in Hubei Province needs to be improved.

Anemia prevalence and its influencing factors among students involved in the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To analyze anemia prevalence and its influencing factors of students involved in the Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019. Methods: From the 2019 surveillance system of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, 47 297 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 were included in the study. Hemoglobin level was tested according to the criteria of WHO 2011. Anemia prevalence of different genders, ages, and regions was analyzed. Results: The average hemoglobin level was 135.19 g/L, with the prevalence of anemia as 8.7% in the children aged 6-17. The prevalence of anemia was 10.0% in girls, higher than that in boys (7.4%). The prevalence rates in western and central areas were 9.8% and 7.1%, respectively. From northwest, southwest, central and south, east, north to northeast areas of China, the anemia rate appeared gradually decreasing (10.2%, 9.7%, 8.3%, 7.5%, 5.7% and 3.5%). The anemia prevalence rates were 8.0%, 8.3%, and 10.9% in children from the 6-, 11-, and 14-17 years age groups, respectively. Logistic regression models revealed that students from schools not using catering software (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.296-1.694,P<0.001), schools not serving lunch (OR=1.241, 95%CI:1.103-1.395,P<0.001), and from relatively low-income families (OR=1.297, 95%CI:1.211-1.389, P<0.001) showed as risk factors for anemia. After supplementing students' dietary factors, the results showed that students who ate meat three or more times a week had a lower risk of anemia (OR=0.907, 95%CI:0.832-0.989, P=0.026). Conclusions: The Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students had an essential impact on improving the anemia prevalence of primary and middle school students. Family income, school location, economic factors, school feeding, and students' diet programs all impacted the prevalence of anemia.

Factores sociales y demográficos asociados a la anemia en mujeres embarazada en Perú / Social and demographic factors associated with anemia in pregnant women in Peru

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La anemia en el embarazo persiste como un problema de salud pública y varía según características propias en cada población. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores sociales y demográficos asociados a la anemia en mujeres embarazadas en Perú. MÉTODO: Estudio analítico transversal de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) de 2019. Se incluyeron las mujeres embarazadas que participaron en la encuesta poblacional. Se analizaron las características sociales y demográficas asociados a la anemia, mediante análisis bivariado y análisis de regresión logística múltiple, procesados en el software estadístico R. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron datos de 1090 mujeres embarazadas, 28,3% presento anemia. En el análisis bivariado, se evidencio asociación entre anemia y región geográfica, nivel educativo, edad y tener seguro de salud (p<0,05). En el análisis multivariado, se evidencio que la anemia se encuentra asociada al nivel educativo de primaria (OR=1,96; IC: 1,18-3,28), secundaria (OR=2,0; IC95%: 1,42-2,82), edad de 15 a 18 años (OR=2,35; IC95%: 1,33-4,14), edad mayor a 35 años (OR=1,51; IC95%: 1,06-2,16), no tener seguro de salud (OR=1,82; IC95%: 1,19-2,79). CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de anemia en mujeres embarazadas fue del 28,3%. Los factores sociales y demográficos asociados a la anemia en mujeres embarazadas fueron la edad de 15 a 18 años, edad tardía de 35 años a más, tener un bajo nivel educativo y no contar con un seguro de salud. Estos factores evidenciaron asociación con anemia en mujeres embarazadas, estando ajustados por otras características como región geográfica, quintil de riqueza y lugar de residencia. Se requieren de más estudios que permiten analizar los resultados según temporalidad en la población con independencia de otros factores asociados.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Anemia in pregnancy persists as a public health problem and varies according to specific characteristics in each population. The purpose was to determine the social and demographic factors associated with anemia in pregnant women in Peru. METHOD: Analytical cross-sectional study of the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The study included data on pregnant women. The social and demographic characteristics associated with anemia were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis, processed in the R statistical software. RESULT: Data from 1 090 women were analyzed; 28.3% had anemia. Bivariate analysis showed an association between anemia and geographical region, educational level, age and health insurance (p<0.05). In the multivariate analysis, anemia was associated with the educational level of primary (OR=1,96; IC: 1,18-3,28), secondary (OR=2,0; IC95%: 1,42-2,82), age from 15 to 18 years (OR=2,35; IC95%: 1,33-4,14), age over 35 years (OR=1,51; IC95%: 1,06-2,16), not having health insurance (OR=1,82; IC95%: 1,19-2,79). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 28.3%. The social and demographic factors associated with anemia in pregnant women were age 15-18, late age to 35, low educational level and lack of health insurance; regardless of geographical region, wealth quintile and place of residence. More studies are needed to analyze the results according to temporality in the population, independently of other associated factors.

Evolução da prevalência de anemia em crianças quilombolas, segundo dois inquéritos de base populacional em Alagoas, Brasil (2008-2018) / Trend in the prevalence of anemia in children from maroon communities according to two population-based surveys in Alagoas State, Brazil (2008-2018) / Evolución de la prevalencia de anemia en niños quilombolas, según dos encuestas de base poblacional en Alagoas, Brasil (2008-2018)

Objetivou-se avaliar a evolução da prevalência de anemia em crianças quilombolas de Alagoas, Brasil. Trata-se de uma análise descritiva comparando resultados de dois inquéritos domiciliares (2008; n = 950 e 2018; n = 426), envolvendo amostra das crianças de 6 a 59 meses. A anemia foi diagnosticada com hemoglobina < 110g/L (HemoCue). As prevalências entre os dois inquéritos foram descritas percentualmente e pela razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%), calculados por regressão de Poisson. As prevalências de anemia em 2008 e 2018 foram, respectivamente, 53% (IC95%: 49,8-56,1) e 38% (IC95%: 33,4-42,6), configurando um declínio de 28,3% (RP = 0,72; IC95%: 0,63-0,82). Crianças de 6 a 24 meses foram mais acometidas do que aquelas de 25 a 59 meses, tanto em 2008 (72% vs. 44%) como em 2018 (54,8% vs. 28,3%). Houve redução de prevalência em ambas as faixas etárias (23,9% e 35,7%, respectivamente). Essa redução mais pronunciada nas crianças mais velhas fez que as mais jovens passassem a ter quase o dobro da prevalência vista nas de maior idade (RP = 1,94; IC95%: 1,53-2,46). Conclui-se que houve declínio expressivo da prevalência de anemia durante o período avaliado, persistindo, porém, como relevante problema de saúde pública, sobretudo entre as crianças de 6 a 24 meses. As crianças avaliadas sobrevivem em grande vulnerabilidade social, evidenciando-se que, para promover a saúde dessa população, não são suficientes ações no âmbito da saúde pública. Gestores e profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos aos dados aqui apresentados, visando à implementação de medidas para enfrentamento das iniquidades sociais e de saúde que contribuem para maior vulnerabilidade desse grupo étnico-racial.

The study aimed to assess trends in the prevalence of anemia in children from quilombos (maroon communities) in Alagoas State, Brazil. This was a descriptive study comparing the results of two household surveys (2008; n = 950 and 2018; n = 426), involving a sample of children from 6 to 59 months of age. Anemia was diagnosed as hemoglobin < 110g/L (HemoCue). Prevalence rates between the two surveys were described by percentage and by prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI), calculated by Poisson regression. Prevalence rates for anemia in 2008 and 2018 were 53% (95%CI: 49.8-56.1) and 38% (95%CI: 33.4-42.6), respectively, or a decrease of 28.3% (RP = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.63-0.82). Children 6 to 24 months of age had higher anemia rates than those 25 to 59 months of age, both in 2008 (72% vs. 44%) and in 2018 (54.8% vs. 28.3%). There was a reduction in prevalence in both age brackets (23.9% and 35.7%, respectively). This sharper decline in older children meant that younger children had nearly double the prevalence rate compared to older children (PR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.53-2.46). In conclusion, there was a major decline in prevalence of anemia during the period studied, but anemia persisted as a relevant public health problem, especially in children 6 to 24 months of age. The children in the sample are exposed to harsh social vulnerabilities, evidencing that health promotion for this population requires more than actions in the public health sphere itself. Healthcare workers and administrators should be alert to the data presented here, aimed at implementation of measures to confront the social and health iniquities that contribute to greater vulnerability in this ethnic-racial group.

El objetivo fue evaluar la evolución de la prevalencia de anemia en niños quilombolas de Alagoas, Brasil. Se trata de un análisis descriptivo, comparando resultados de dos encuestas domiciliarias (2008; n = 950 y 2018; n = 426), implicando en la muestra a niños de 6 a 59 meses. La anemia se diagnosticó con hemoglobina < 110g/L (HemoCue). Las prevalencias entre los dos cuestionarios fueron descritas porcentualmente y por la razón de prevalencia (RP) e intervalo de 95% de confianza (IC95%), calculados por regresión de Poisson. Las prevalencias de anemia en 2008 y 2018 fueron, respectivamente, 53% (IC95%: 49,8-56,1) y 38% (IC95%: 33,4-42,6), configurando un declive de un 28,3% (RP = 0,72; IC95%: 0,63-0,82). Los niños de 6 a 24 meses estuvieron más afectados que aquellos de 25 a 59 meses, tanto en 2008 (72% vs. 44%), como en 2018 (54,8% vs. 28,3%). Hubo una reducción de prevalencia en ambas franjas etarias (23,9% y 35,7%, respectivamente). Esta reducción más pronunciada en niños mayores provocó que los más jóvenes pasasen a tener casi el doble de la prevalencia, vista en aquellos de mayor edad (RP = 1,94; IC95%: 1,53-2,46). Se concluye que hubo un declive expresivo de la prevalencia de anemia durante el período evaluado, persistiendo, no obstante, como un relevante problema de salud pública, sobre todo entre los niños de 6 a 24 meses. Los niños evaluados sobreviven bajo una gran vulnerabilidad social, evidenciándose que para la promoción de la salud de esa población no son suficientes acciones en el ámbito de la salud pública. Gestores y profesionales de salud deben estar atentos a los datos aquí presentados, con el fin de implementar medidas para enfrentar las inequidades sociales y de salud que contribuyen a una mayor vulnerabilidad de ese grupo étnico-racial.

Relationship between anemia and oral cancer: a case-control study

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, type and severity of anemia at the time of diagnosis of oral cancer, and its potential association with the degree of tumor cell differentiation. This case-control study used 366 medical records of patients treated at two referral centers for oral cancer diagnosis, specifically: cases (n=70) with a histopathological diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) of the oral cavity, and controls (n=296) with benign oral lesions. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical variables of both groups, as well as complete blood count values, were analyzed by descriptive statistics and crude/adjusted logistic regression. Anemia was detected in 15.7% of the cases and 11.8% of the controls. The presence of anemia had an OR=1.64 (odds ratio) (95%CI 0.54-5.00) for OSCC, with no significantly statistical association. Normocytic anemia was the most prevalent form of anemia when oral cancer was diagnosed (91.4% of the controls and 72.7% of the cases), and moderate to severely low hemoglobin levels were associated with OSCC diagnosis (OR 6.49; 95%CI 1.18-35.24), albeit data on hematological examinations were missing.

Anaemia among children living in land reform colonization projects in the Northeast region of Brazil: a population-based cross-sectional study / Anemia en niños que viven en proyectos de colonización de reforma agraria en el nordeste de Brasil: un estudio transversal basado en la población

This study evaluated the prevalence of anaemia and its social determinants among Brazilian children from rural settlements of the land reform colonization projects of Teresina city, in Northeast, Brazil. This is a population-based cross-sectional study involving 131 children younger than 5 years. Anaemia was diagnosed by haemoglobin measurements using an automated haematology analyser. The prevalence of anaemia was 29%. Multiple Poisson regression showed that anemia prevalence decreased by 39% for each year of the child's age (aPR= 0.61; 95% CI= 0.50 - 0.74), 14% for each year of maternal education (aPR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.79 - 0.94) and 6% for each year of maternal age (aPR= 0.94; 95% CI= 0.89 - 1.00). In addition, children living in clay or in unfinished masonry houses had a higher prevalence of anemia than those living in finished masonry houses (aPR= 2.73; 95% CI= 1.50 - 4.97). Anaemia is a moderate public health problem in rural land reform settlements in Teresina and is probably a health issue in other land reform colonization projects in Brazil and worldwide. Strategies that promote the economic and social development of this population need to be implemented, as well as strengthening the implementation of the National Iron Supplementation Program (Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro).

Este estudio evaluó la prevalencia de la anemia y sus determinantes sociales en niños brasileños de los asentamientos rurales de los proyectos de colonización de la reforma agraria de la ciudad de Teresina, nordeste de Brasil. Este es un estudio transversal basado en la población de 131 niños menores de 5 años. La anemia fue diagnosticada mediante mediciones de hemoglobina usando un analizador de hematología automatizado. La prevalencia de anemia fue del 29%. En un modelo múltiple, la prevalencia de anemia disminuyó 39% por cada año de edad infantil (aPR = 0.61; IC 95% = 0.50 - 0.74), 14% por cada año de educación materna (aPR = 0.86; IC 95% = 0.79 - 0.94) y 6% por cada año de edad materna (aPR = 0,94; IC del 95% = 0,89 a 1,00). Además, los niños residentes en casas de de adobe o mampostería sin terminar presentaron una mayor prevalencia que los que viven en casas de mampostería terminada (aPR = 2.73; IC 95% = 1.50 - 4.97). La anemia es un problema de salud pública moderado en los asentamientos de reforma agraria en Teresina y es probablemente un problema de salud en otros proyectos de colonización de la reforma agraria en Brasil y en todo el mundo. Se deben implementar estrategias que promuevan el desarrollo económico y social de esta población, así como fortalecer la implementación del Programa Nacional de Suplementación de Hierro (Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro).

Avaliação da prevalência de anemia pós-parto e fatores associados em uma maternidade terciária do estado do Piauí / Prevalence of postpartum anemia and associated factors in a tertiary maternity hospital of the state of Piaui

Este trabalho avaliou a prevalência de anemia puerperal por meio das dosagens de hemoglobina (Hb) e hematócrito (Ht) numa maternidade pública terciária do estado do Piauí e os fatores de risco associados à presença de anemia. No total, 198 puérperas internadas na maternidade foram submetidas a entrevista e análise do prontuário e do cartão pré-natal. Foram feitas coletas de amostra de sangue venoso periférico antes do parto, 24 horas após o parto vaginal e 48 horas após o parto cesariano. A prevalência de anemia pós-parto encontrada na maternidade estudada foi de 27,27%. A presença de anemia pré-parto e gemelaridade e o ganho de peso foram os fatores de risco significativamente associados à anemia pós-parto.(AU)

This study evaluated the prevalence of puerperal anemia using hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) measurements in a public tertiary maternity hospital in the state of Piauí and the risk factors associated with the presence of anemia. In total, 198 puerperal women admitted to the maternity hospital were interviewed, analyzed the medical record and the prenatal card. A peripheral venous blood sample was collected before delivery, 24 hours after vaginal delivery and 48 hours after cesarean delivery. The prevalence of postpartum anemia found in the maternity studied was 27.27%. The presence of pre-delivery anemia, twinning and weight gain were the risk factors significantly associated with postpartum anemia.(AU)

Evaluation of adult celiac disease from a tertiary reference center: a retrospective analysis

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE It has been observed that celiac disease (CD) is not restricted to a single type characterized by diarrhea but also has atypical, asymptomatic (silent), and latent forms. The prevalence of this autoimmune disease, which affects approximately 1% of the world, is estimated to be around 3%, including atypical and asymptomatic cases. In our study, we aimed to evaluate adult celiac patients. METHODS Between December 2008-2015, patients diagnosed with CD over the age of 18 years old were included in the study. Patients' symptoms at admission, frequency and type of anemia, transaminase levels, and celiac antibody positivity, and autoimmune diseases diagnosed at follow up were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Of 195 patients, 151 (77.4%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.73 ± 12.19 years (range, 18-71 years). A hundred patients (51.3%) had gastrointestinal symptoms. At the time of admission, 118 patients (60.5%) had anemia, and 52 (26.7%) had hypertransaminasemia. During the mean follow-up period of 58 months (36-120 months), 84 (43.1%) of the patients presented at least one autoimmune disease, and this rate was 96.6% in individuals diagnosed above the age of 50 years. CONCLUSION In adult CD, resistant anemia, dyspepsia, and hypertransaminasemia are very common findings at the time of diagnosis, and the association with other autoimmune diseases, especially Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is high.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Observou-se que a doença celíaca (DC) não se restringe a um único tipo caracterizado por diarreia, mas também tem formas atípicas, assintomáticas (silenciosas) e latentes. Estima-se que a prevalência desta doença autoimune, que afeta aproximadamente 1% da população do mundo, seja em torno de 3%, incluindo casos atípicos e assintomáticos. Em nosso estudo, objetivou-se avaliar pacientes celíacos adultos. MÉTODOS Entre dezembro de 2008 e 2015, pacientes diagnosticados como DC com idade acima de 18 anos foram incluídos no estudo. Os sintomas dos pacientes na admissão, frequência e tipo de anemia, níveis de transaminases e positividade de anticorpos celíacos e doenças autoimunes diagnosticadas no seguimento foram avaliados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS Dos 195 pacientes, 151 (77,4%) eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 35,73±12,19 anos (variação de 18 a 71 anos). Cem pacientes (51,3%) foram encaminhados com sintomas gastrointestinais. No momento da internação, 118 pacientes (60,5%) apresentavam anemia e 52 (26,7%) apresentavam hipertransaminemia. Durante o período médio de acompanhamento de 58 meses (36-120 meses), 84 (43,1%) pacientes estavam acompanhados por pelo menos uma doença autoimune, e essa taxa foi de 96,6% em indivíduos diagnosticados acima dos 50 anos de idade. CONCLUSÃO No adulto DC, anemia resistente, dispepsia e hipertransaminasemia são achados muito comuns no momento do diagnóstico e a associação com outras doenças autoimunes, especialmente tireoidite de Hashimoto, é alta.

Associação entre insegurança alimentar e níveis de hemoglobina e retinol em crianças assistidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Association between food insecurity and hemoglobin and retinol levels in children treated in the Brazilian Unified National Health System in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Asociación entre inseguridad alimentaria y niveles de hemoglobina y retinol en niños asistidos por el Sistema Único de Salud en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Neste trabalho foi analisada a associação entre insegurança alimentar e níveis de hemoglobina e retinol em crianças de 6 a 59 meses de idade. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, realizado em 2014, com amostra representativa da população de crianças nessa faixa etária, atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para a análise dos níveis de insegurança alimentar foi utilizada a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e, para a determinação de hemoglobina e de retinol sérico, foi realizada a punção venosa. A associação entre as variáveis foi avaliada por intermédio de modelos de regressão quantílica. Do total de crianças estudadas, 40,3% apresentavam insegurança alimentar e as prevalências de anemia e de deficiência de vitamina A foram 13,7% e 13%, respectivamente. Os resultados do estudo revelaram associação inversa, estatisticamente significativa, entre insegurança alimentar leve e níveis de retinol. Para os demais níveis de insegurança alimentar (moderada e grave), os resultados também sugerem a presença de associação inversa para hemoglobina e, quanto aos níveis de retinol, as estimativas pontuais parecem menores em crianças com insegurança alimentar grave, entretanto, estas estimativas não foram estatisticamente significativas. Esses resultados sugerem que a insegurança alimentar pode estar associada com carências de micronutrientes em crianças menores de 5 anos.

This study analyzed the association between food insecurity and hemoglobin and retinol levels in children 6 to 59 months of age. This was a cross-sectional study in 2014 with a representative sample of children in this age bracket treated at basic health units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Analysis of food insecurity levels used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, and venipuncture was performed for measurement of serum hemoglobin and retinol levels. The association between variables used quantile regression models. Of all the children in the sample, 40.3% presented food insecurity, and the prevalence rates for anemia and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7% and 13%, respectively. The study's results revealed a statistically significant inverse association between mild food insecurity and retinol levels. For the other levels of food insecurity (moderate and severe), the results also suggest an inverse association for hemoglobin, and for retinol levels the point estimates appear smaller in children with severe food insecurity, but these estimates were not statistically significant. These results suggest that food insecurity may be associated with micronutrient deficiencies in children under 5 years.

En este estudio se analizó la asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y los niveles de hemoglobina y retinol en niños de 6 a 59 meses de edad. Se trata de un estudio seccional, realizado en 2014, con una muestra representativa de la población de niños en esta franja etaria, atendida en unidades básicas de salud del Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Para el análisis de los niveles de inseguridad alimentaria se utilizó la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y, para la determinación de hemoglobina y de retinol sérico, se realizó una punción venosa. La asociación entre las variables se evaluó a través de modelos de regresión cuantílica. Del total de niños estudiados, un 40,3% presentaban inseguridad alimentaria y las prevalencias de anemia y de deficiencia de vitamina A fueron 13,7% y 13%, respectivamente. Los resultados del estudio revelaron una asociación inversa, estadísticamente significativa, entre inseguridad alimentaria leve y niveles de retinol. Para los demás niveles de inseguridad alimentaria (moderada y grave), los resultados también sugieren la presencia de una asociación inversa para la hemoglobina, y, en cuanto a los niveles de retinol, las estimaciones puntuales parecen menores en niños con inseguridad alimentaria grave, sin embargo, estas estimaciones no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados sugieren que la inseguridad alimentaria puede estar asociada con carencias de micronutrientes en niños menores de 5 años.

Outpatient analytic assessment of anorexia nervosa — the importance of venous blood gases / Avaliação laboratorial em ambulatório na anorexia nervosa: a importância da gasometria venosa

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate serum biochemical parameters' evolution, especially venous blood gas (VBG), in anorexia nervosa (AN), correlating with clinical parameters. Methods: Retrospective study including out-patient AN adolescents, between January 2014 and May 2017. Three evaluations were compared: t1) first consultation; t2) consultation with the lowest body mass index (BMI) z-score and t3) with the highest BMI z-score. Results: A total of 24 adolescents (87.5% females) were included, mean age of presentation of 14.9±1.7 years, onset of symptoms 6.4±3.2 months before the first visit. In t1, BMI z-score of -1.91±1.11 kg/m2 and ideal weight % of 84.3±9.2. Amenorrhea was present in 88%. In t2 the analytical alterations were: altered VBG in 100%, altered ferritin (72% elevated), altered thyroid function (53% with thyroxine decrease), dyslipidemia (31% elevation of high density lipoprotein, 25% hypercholesterolemia), elevation of urea (25%), elevation of alanine aminotransferase (14%), hypoglycemia (14%), anemia (9%). Respiratory acidosis was present in 91% in t1, 100% in t2 and 94% in t3. There was a significant decrease between t2 and t3 in mean pCO2 (57.2 versus 53.6 mmHg; p=0.009) and mean HCO3 (30.0 versus 28.8 mEq/L; p=0.023). Conclusions: Respiratory acidosis and increased ferritin were common in this group. Respiratory acidosis was the most frequent abnormality with significant pCO2 and HCO3 variation in the recovery phase. VBG should be considered in AN evaluation, once it seems to be important in assessing the severity of the disease and its subsequent follow-up.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução laboratorial, particularmente da gasometria venosa, na anorexia nervosa (AN), correlacionando os achados com parâmetros clínicos. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo com adolescentes com AN seguidos em ambulatório, entre janeiro de 2014 e maio de 2017. Foram comparadas três avaliações: (t1) primeira consulta; (t2) consulta com escore Z de índice de massa corpórea (IMC) mais baixo; e (t3) consulta com escore Z de IMC mais elevado. Resultados: Incluídos 24 adolescentes, 87,5% do sexo feminino, idade média de apresentação de 14,9±1,7 anos, início dos sintomas 6,4±3,2 meses antes da primeira consulta. Em t1, escore Z de IMC de -1,91±1,11 kg/m2 e % de peso ideal de 84,3±9,2. Tinham amenorreia 88%. Em t2 as alterações laboratoriais encontradas foram: gasometria venosa alterada em 100%, ferritina alterada (72% elevada), função tiroideia alterada (53% com diminuição da tiroxina), dislipidemia (31% com elevação de lipoproteína de alta densidade, 25% com hipercolesterolemia), elevação da ureia (25%), elevação da alanina aminotransferase (14%), hipoglicemia (14%) e anemia (9%). A acidose respiratória esteve presente em 91% em t1, 100% em t2 e 94% em t3. Verificou-se diminuição significativa entre t2 e t3 da pressão parcial de CO2 (pCO2) média (57,2 versus 53,6 mmHg; p=0,009) e HCO3 médio (30,0 versus 28,8 mEq/L; p=0,023). Conclusões: A acidose respiratória e o aumento da ferritina foram comuns nesse grupo. Acidose respiratória foi a alteração mais frequente, com variação significativa de pCO2 e HCO3 na fase de recuperação. A gasometria venosa deve ser considerada na avaliação laboratorial na AN, pois parece ser importante na avaliação da gravidade e monitorização da doença.

Comportamiento y factores asociados con la anemia en mujeres mexicanas en edad fértil. Ensanut 2018-19 / Behavior and factors associated with anemia in Mexican women of childbearing age. Ensanut 2018-19

Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar el comportamiento de la anemia en los años 2006, 2012 y 2018-19, su severidad y factores asociados en mujeres mexicanas de 20 a 49 años de edad. Material y métodos: Las Ensanut 2006, 2012 y 2018-19 tienen un diseño metodológico que permite comparaciones entre ellas. Mediante hemoglobina capilar <12dL se clasificó anemia. Se excluyó a quienes estuvieron embarazadas. Se asoció anemia con factores sociodemográficos mediante regresión logística. Resultados: La reducción de anemia de 2006 a 2012 fue significativa, pero no el incremento para 2018-19. Se asoció anemia con un mayor número de embarazos, y tener de 35 a 49 años de edad. Fueron factores protectores de anemia un IMC≥30(k/m2), tercil 3 de CB, no ser indígena y vivir en Centro y Ciudad de México. Conclusiones: La anemia continúa siendo un problema de salud pública, sobre todo en mujeres de 35 a 49 años de edad con más de cuatro embarazos.

Abstract: Objective: To study the behavior of anemia in 2006, 2012 and 2018-19, its severity and associated factors in Mexican women between 20 and 49 years of age. Materials and methods: The Ensanut 2006, 2012 and 2018-19 has a methodological design that allows comparisons between them. Capillary hemoglobin (Hb) classified anemia with Hb values <12dL. Pregnant women were excluded. Anemia was associated with individual and sociodemographic factors using a logit regression model. Results: The reduction in anemia from 2006 to 2012 was significant, but not the increase for 2018-19. Anemia was associated with a higher number of pregnancies, and being 35 to 49 years of age. A BMI≥30 (k/m2), tertile 3 of wellness condition, not being indigenous and living in the Center and Mexico City were protective of anemia. Conclusions: Anemia continues to be a public health problem, especially in women 35 to 49 years of age with more than four pregnancies.

Anemia infantil en poblaciones que residen a diferentes altitudes geográficas de Arequipa, Perú: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo / Childhood anemia in populations residing at different geographical altitudes of Arequipa, Peru: a descriptive and retrospective study

OBJETIVO: Identificar si existe una relación estadística entre el diagnóstico de anemia en niños y vivir a distintas altitudes geográficas de la Región Arequipa, Perú. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por 106 499 niños y niñas menores de cinco años que viven en la Región Arequipa a distintas altitudes geográficas, de los cuales presentaron anemia 32 454 que corresponde al 30,5%, atendidos por el Ministerio de Salud de Arequipa. Se tomaron datos sociodemográficos relacionados con edad, provincia, beneficiario del programa de Sistema Integral de Salud (SIS), de visitas domiciliarias, de Control de Crecimiento y Desarrollo (CRED); además de datos vinculados a la anemia como frecuencia, hemoglobina y severidad. RESULTADOS: Los resultados fueron categorizados según la altitud geográfica de procedencia de los niños y niñas de 0 a 59 meses de edad y los niveles de hemoglobina según la altitud geográfica. De la muestra estudiada, la frecuencia de anemia a diferentes altitudes geográficas de Arequipa en niños menores de cinco años para el período de 2017 a 2019 fue de 18,7% entre 0 y 999 metros sobre el nivel del mar; 29,6% entre 1000 y 1999 metros; 31,6% entre 2000 y 2999 metros; 42,9% entre 3000 y 3999 metros, y 54,4% entre 4000 y 4999 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Hubo mayor prevalencia de anemia cuando se utilizó el factor de corrección por altitud geográfica. CONCLUSIONES: Se observó una relación estadística significativa (p < 0,05) entre la hemoglobina corregida según parámetros de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la altitud en la que viven los niños con anemia, es decir, a mayor altitud geográfica mayor anemia en niños. Los programas de suplementación deben tener correspondencia con las visitas domiciliarias y la evaluación del crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the characteristics of anemia in children living at different geographical altitude in the Arequipa Region of Peru. METHODS: We did a descriptive and retrospective study. The population consisted of 106 499 children under five years of age living in the Arequipa Region at different geographical altitude and receiving care by the Ministry of Health of Arequipa. Of these, 32 454 had anemia (30.5%). Socio-demographic data related to age, province, and beneficiary of the Comprehensive Health System program, home visits, and growth and development were obtained, in addition to data regarding anemia such as frequency, hemoglobin, and severity. RESULTS: The results were categorized by the geographical altitude of origin of children under 0 to 59 months of age and hemoglobin levels according to geographical altitude. Of the sample studied, the frequency of anemia at different geographical altitudes of Arequipa in children under five for the 2017 to 2019 period was: 18.7% at 0 to 999 meters above sea level; 29.6% at 1000 to 1999 meters; 31.6% at 2000 to 2999 meters; 42.9% at 3000 to 3999 meters; and 54.4% at 4000 to 4999 meters. There was a higher prevalence of anemia when the geographic altitude correction factor was used. CONCLUSIONS: A significant statistical relationship (p < 0.05) was observed between the corrected hemoglobin according to the World Health Organization parameters and the altitude at which children with anemia live: the higher the geographical altitude, the greater the anemia in children. Supplementation programs should be included during home visits and at the time of evaluation of children's growth and development.

Anemia and insomnia: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Several recent genome-wide association studies suggested insomnia and anemia may share some common genetic components. We thus examined whether adults with anemia had higher odds of having insomnia relative to those without anemia in a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#Included in this cross-sectional study were 12,614 Chinese adults who participated in an ongoing cohort, the Kailuan Study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels below 12.0 g/dL in women and 13.0 g/dL in men. Insomnia was assessed using the Chinese version of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). A total AIS score ≥6 was considered insomnia. The association between anemia and insomnia was assessed using a logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, chronic disease status, and plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. A meta-analysis was conducted using the fixed effects model to pool results from our study and three previously published cross-sectional studies on this topic in adult populations.@*RESULTS@#Individuals with anemia had greater odds of having insomnia (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.70) compared with individuals without anemia. A significant association persisted after we excluded individuals with chronic inflammation, as suggested by C-reactive protein levels >1 mg/L (adjusted OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.22-2.32). The meta-analysis results, including 22,134 participants, also identified a positive association between anemia and insomnia (pooled OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.22-1.57).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The presence of anemia was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of having insomnia in adults. Due to the nature of the cross-sectional study design, results should be interpreted with caution.

Functional iron deficiency in patients on hemodialysis: prevalence, nutritional assessment, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation / Deficiência funcional de ferro em pacientes em hemodiálise: prevalência, avaliação nutricional e de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e de inflamação

Abstract Introduction: Anemic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be divided into anemic patients without or with functional iron deficiency (FID). The increase in the number of cases of hemosiderosis in patients on hemodialysis (HD) attributed to excessive intravenous iron replacement has called for the investigation of the factors involved in the genesis of FID. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of FID in patients with CKD on HD, characterize the included individuals in terms of clinical and workup parameters, and assess their nutritional, oxidative stress, and inflammation statuses. This cross-sectional study assembled a convenience sample of 183 patients with CKD on HD treated in Southern Brazil. Patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups, one with anemic subjects with FID and one with anemic patients without FID. Participants answered a questionnaire probing into socio-epidemiological factors, underwent anthropometric measurements, and were tested for markers of anemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and nutrition. Statistical analysis: The date sets were treated on software package GraphPad InStat version 3.1. Variables were tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, Student's t, and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistical significance was attributed to differences with a p < 0.05. Results: Markers of inflammation were not statistically different between the two groups. Markers of anemia and nutrition were significantly lower in patients with FID. Patients with FID were prescribed higher doses of parenteral iron (p < 0,05). Discussion: FID was associated with lower nutritional marker levels, but not to increased levels of markers of inflammation or oxidative stress, as reported in the literature. Additional studies on the subject are needed.

Resumo Introdução: A anemia na DRC pode ser dividida em anemia sem deficiência funcional de ferro e com deficiência funcional de ferro (ADFF). Diante do aumento dos casos de hemossiderose em pacientes em hemodiálise, atribuídos à reposição excessiva de ferro endovenoso, maiores conhecimentos sobre os fatores envolvidos na gênese da ADFF são importantes. Objetivos: documentar a prevalência de ADFF em renais crônicos em hemodiálise. Caracterizar clínica e laboratorialmente os portadores de ADFF em HD e avaliar o estado nutricional, estresse oxidativo e inflamatório. Estudo transversal, amostra de conveniência, envolvendo 183 renais crônicos em hemodiálise no sul do Brasil. Após aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos: portadores de anemia com e sem deficiência funcional de ferro. Foram submetidos a questionário socioepidemiológico, à análise antropométrica e análise laboratorial dos marcadores de anemia, estresse oxidativo, inflamatórios e nutricionais. Análise estatística: programa GraphPad InStat versão 3.1. Foram aplicados os testes: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, qui-quadrado, t de Student e Mann-Whitney. Nível de significância adotado de 5%. Resultados: não houve diferença significativa nos marcadores inflamatórios entre os dois grupos. Houve diferença significativa nos marcadores de anemia e nutrição, significativamente menores nos pacientes com ADFF. Pacientes com ADFF receberam doses mais elevadas de ferro parenteral (p < 0,05). Discussão: ADFF esteve associada a menores valores de marcadores nutricionais, mas não esteve associada a marcadores inflamatórios ou de estresse oxidativo aumentados, como relatado na literatura. Estudos adicionais sobre o tema são necessários.

Is anemia a public health problem among children under five years ago in Peru? Findings from a national healthcare administrative database (2012 and 2016) using Geographic Information Systems / ¿Es la anemia un problema de salud pública entre los menores de cinco años en el Perú? Análisis de una base de datos administrativa nacional de salud (2012 y 2016) empleando Sistemas de Información Geográfica

The objective of this study was to assess the change in the prevalence of anemia among under-five children attending public health services in Peru between 2012 and 2016, according to their place of residence, and to identify spatial clusters of districts with a high prevalence of anemia. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out, based on data from the Nutritional State Information System from 2012 and 2016. We calculated the spatial autocorrelation of anemia prevalence at the district level using a global and local Moran's I index. The prevalence of anemia was 34.4% (2012) and 40.3% (2016). In 2012 and 2016, 41.7% and 46.5% of districts, respectively, had a prevalence of anemia considered a severe public health problem acording WHO criteria. Positive spatial autocorrelation was found between the prevalence of anemia and the districts for both years (2012 Moran's I: 0.22; 2016: 0.31, both p <0.001). Of the total number of districts, 8.3% (2012) and 12.6% (2016) presented a high prevalence of anemia and were also surrounded by districts with high prevalence. Anemia is a public health problem among children under five in Peru attending public health services and we identified areas with a higher concentration of anemia prevalence. Spatial patterns of anemia should be considered in the development and implementation of health interventions.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de anemia en menores de cinco anos atendidos en servidos de salud públicos en Perú entre 2012-2016 e identificar conglomerados espaciales de distritos de alta prevalencia de anemia. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal, basado en los datos del Sistema de Información dei Estado Nutricional del Perú 2012 y 2016. La autocorrelación espacial de la prevalencia de anemia a nivel distrital se calculó utilizando el índice I de Moran global y local. Se encontro una prevalencia de anemia del 34.4% (2012) y 40.3% (2016), con41.7% (2012) y 46.5% (2016) de distritos con prevalencias de anemia consideradas como grave problema de salud pública según clasificación OMS. Se encontró una autocorrelación espacial positiva entre la prevalencia de anemia y los distritos (Moran's I 2012: 0.22; 2016: 0.31, ambos p <0.001), donde 8.3% (2012) y 12.6% (2016) de distritos con alta prevalencia se encontraban rodeados por distritos con alta prevalencia. La anemia es un problema de salud pública en menores de cinco años en el Perú atendidos en servicios de salud públicos. Existen áreas con mayor concentración de prevalencia de anemia. Los patrones espaciales de anemia deben considerarse en el desarrollo y la implementación de intervenciones de salud.